The camshaft position sensor (CMP sensor) on a 2.4L Chevy Cavalier (likely a 2000-2005 model, as that's when the 2.4L Ecotec was common in that car) is typically located on the
passenger side of the engine,
near the front of the cylinder head. It's usually mounted on the cylinder head itself, fairly close to the camshaft sprocket.
However, precise location can vary slightly depending on the year and specific engine variant. It's best to consult a repair manual specific to your Cavalier's year and engine code for the most accurate placement. A diagram in the manual will be invaluable.