When the vehicle is traveling in a straight line, the differential allows the wheels to rotate at the same speed. However, when the vehicle is turning, the outer wheel must rotate faster than the inner wheel in order to maintain traction. The differential allows this to happen by transferring power from the drive shaft to the outer wheel, while allowing the inner wheel to rotate more slowly.
This ability of the rear wheels to rotate separately is essential for the vehicle to be able to turn smoothly. Without a differential, the wheels would be locked together and the vehicle would be unable to turn.
Here is a simplified illustration of how a differential works:
[Image of a differential]
The drive shaft from the transmission is connected to the pinion gear, which is located in the center of the differential. The pinion gear drives the ring gear, which is connected to the axles that drive the wheels.
When the vehicle is traveling in a straight line, the pinion and ring gears rotate at the same speed. This causes the wheels to rotate at the same speed.
When the vehicle is turning, the outer wheel must rotate faster than the inner wheel. The differential allows this to happen by transferring power from the drive shaft to the outer wheel, while allowing the inner wheel to rotate more slowly. This is accomplished by the use of a spider gear, which is located between the pinion and ring gears. The spider gear is connected to the axles, and it allows the wheels to rotate at different speeds.
