* Clutch Issues: This is the most likely cause. A worn-out clutch, a hydraulic clutch system problem (low fluid, leaking slave cylinder, master cylinder issues), or a problem with the clutch cable (if cable-operated) prevents the transmission from being fully disengaged, making it impossible to select those gears. Reverse and 5th gear require a more precise engagement than other gears.
* Shift Linkage: The linkage connecting the shifter to the transmission could be bent, broken, or adjusted incorrectly. This would prevent the shifter from properly moving the internal components to engage those gears.
* Transmission Internal Problem: While less likely, it's possible there's an internal issue within the transmission itself. This could include worn synchronizers, a broken shift fork, or other internal damage. This is the most expensive repair option.
* Low Transmission Fluid: While less likely to completely prevent shifting into 5th and reverse, extremely low transmission fluid can make shifting difficult or impossible. Check your fluid level and condition.
Troubleshooting Steps:
1. Check Clutch Hydraulic System (if applicable): If your Ranger has a hydraulic clutch, check the clutch fluid level in the master cylinder reservoir. Look for leaks in the lines, the slave cylinder, and the master cylinder. A low fluid level or leak strongly suggests a hydraulic problem.
2. Check Clutch Cable (if applicable): If your Ranger has a cable-operated clutch, inspect the cable for fraying, breakage, or kinks. Make sure it's properly adjusted. A frayed or incorrectly adjusted cable will not allow the clutch to fully disengage.
3. Check Clutch Pedal Free Play: With the engine off, press the clutch pedal all the way to the floor. There should be a small amount of free play (usually about 1-1.5 inches) before the pedal starts to engage the clutch. Too much or too little free play indicates a problem that needs addressing.
4. Inspect Shift Linkage: Carefully examine the shift linkage for any signs of damage, bending, or looseness. Look at the connection points at both the shifter and the transmission.
5. Check Transmission Fluid: Check the transmission fluid level. Low fluid can cause shifting problems. If the fluid is low, add the correct type of transmission fluid (check your owner's manual). If the fluid is dark, smells burnt, or contains metal particles, a transmission problem is likely.
What to do next:
* If you're mechanically inclined: You can attempt some of these repairs yourself. However, working on a transmission can be complex, so proceed with caution. Consult a repair manual for your specific vehicle.
* If you're not mechanically inclined: Take your Ranger to a qualified mechanic for diagnosis and repair. They can properly diagnose the problem and perform the necessary repairs.
Don't continue driving the vehicle with this problem, as forcing the gears could cause further damage to the transmission. The clutch is the most likely culprit, but a proper inspection is essential for accurate diagnosis.
