What you'll need:
* Brake fluid: Use DOT 3 brake fluid. Important: Don't use anything else, as it can damage your brake system. Keep a clean container handy to catch the old fluid.
* Bleeding wrench: A wrench that fits the bleeder valve on your calipers. This is usually a 8mm or 10mm. A flare nut wrench is ideal to avoid rounding the bleeder valve.
* Clear tubing: About 3 feet of clear tubing, to fit snugly over the bleeder valve.
* Jar or container: To collect the old brake fluid. Make sure it's clear so you can see the fluid.
* Shop rags or paper towels: For cleaning up spills.
* A helper: Essential for effective bleeding.
Procedure:
1. Safety First: Engage the parking brake firmly. Make sure the car is on a level surface. Wear safety glasses to protect your eyes from splashes.
2. Locate Bleeder Valves: The bleeder valves are located on each caliper (two per wheel).
3. Fill the Master Cylinder: Check the master cylinder fluid level. Top it off with fresh DOT 3 brake fluid to the "MAX" line. Keep an eye on the level throughout the bleeding process. It will decrease as you bleed the brakes.
4. Bleeding Order: The correct order is generally rear passenger side, rear driver side, front passenger side, front driver side. Following this order ensures even bleeding and prevents air from being drawn back in. Some mechanics prefer a diagonal pattern (RR, FL, RL, FR). Either is acceptable.
5. Bleeding Process (per wheel):
* Attach the clear tubing to the bleeder valve and submerge the other end in the jar of fluid.
* Have your helper slowly pump the brake pedal several times, then hold it down firmly.
* While the pedal is held down, open the bleeder valve using the wrench. You should see old brake fluid flow through the tubing.
* Close the bleeder valve *before* your helper releases the brake pedal.
* Repeat steps 6-8 several times until you see only clean, clear fluid coming out with no air bubbles.
6. Repeat for All Wheels: Repeat the bleeding procedure for each wheel, in the correct order, until clear fluid comes out of each bleeder valve.
7. Check Fluid Level: After bleeding all four wheels, check the master cylinder fluid level again and top it off if needed.
8. Test the Brakes: After bleeding, carefully test the brakes by pumping the pedal several times. The pedal should feel firm and responsive. If the pedal feels spongy or soft, there may still be air in the system, and you need to repeat the bleeding process.
9. Check for Leaks: Inspect the brake system for any leaks after bleeding the brakes.
Important Considerations:
* Power Brakes: If your brakes are power-assisted, the process might be somewhat easier since the master cylinder is assisted.
* ABS Systems: If your 1988 Town Car has an Anti-lock Braking System (ABS), bleeding the brakes is more complex and usually requires a special ABS bleeding procedure. You may need a scan tool to properly bleed the system. Consult a repair manual specific to your car.
* Difficult Bleeding: If you have trouble bleeding the brakes, there might be a problem with the system, such as a leaking caliper or master cylinder. In this case, it's best to consult a professional mechanic.
This guide provides a general overview. For detailed instructions specific to your 1988 Lincoln Town Car, consult a repair manual or service manual for your vehicle. This information will provide diagrams and specifics for your exact model. Improperly bled brakes are a serious safety hazard. If you are uncomfortable performing this procedure yourself, it is highly recommended to seek assistance from a qualified mechanic.
