1. The Pedal and Master Cylinder:
* Brake Pedal: When you press the brake pedal, you're activating the entire braking system.
* Master Cylinder: This is the heart of the hydraulic system. It's a pump that converts the force from your pedal into hydraulic pressure. This pressure is then sent to the wheel cylinders (or calipers, depending on the system). A failing master cylinder will lead to a complete brake failure.
2. Hydraulic System:
* Brake Lines: Steel tubes carrying brake fluid from the master cylinder to the wheels. Leaks in these lines are a serious safety hazard.
* Brake Fluid: The hydraulic fluid that transmits pressure throughout the system. It's hygroscopic (absorbs moisture), so it needs to be changed periodically to maintain its effectiveness. Low or contaminated brake fluid drastically reduces braking performance.
3. Wheel Brakes (Two Main Types):
* Disc Brakes (Front): Most Taurus/Sables use disc brakes on the front wheels. These consist of a rotor (spinning metal disc) and a caliper containing brake pads. When you brake, the caliper squeezes the pads against the rotor, slowing the wheel down.
* Drum Brakes (Rear - Older Models, Possibly Some Years): Some models might have drum brakes on the rear wheels (though disc brakes became more common even on the rear axles over the years). Drum brakes use brake shoes that expand against the inside of a rotating drum.
4. Other Important Components:
* Brake Booster: This vacuum-assisted device multiplies the force you apply to the pedal, making braking easier. A faulty booster will result in a much harder brake pedal.
* Anti-lock Braking System (ABS): Many Taurus/Sables have ABS. This system prevents wheel lockup during hard braking, allowing you to maintain steering control. You'll feel a pulsing sensation in the pedal when ABS is activated.
* Parking Brake (Emergency Brake): This separate system usually operates on the rear wheels (either drums or discs) and is used to keep the vehicle stationary when parked.
Understanding the Basics is Key:
Regular inspection of your brake system is vital. Check your brake fluid level regularly (it should be within the "min" and "max" lines in the reservoir). Listen for any unusual noises (squeaking, grinding) when braking. If you notice any problems with braking performance, such as a spongy pedal, pulling to one side, or a hard pedal, get your brakes checked by a professional immediately. Brakes are your primary safety feature – don't compromise on their maintenance.
Note: This is a general overview. The specific components and their arrangement may vary slightly depending on the year and model of your Ford Taurus or Mercury Sable. Always consult your owner's manual for detailed information specific to your vehicle.
