* Loose or worn tilt mechanism: This is usually caused by worn parts within the column itself. The mechanism uses a series of levers, pins, and possibly a spring to control the tilt. Wear and tear can lead to looseness or a complete failure to tilt.
* Broken or damaged parts: A broken lever, pin, or spring within the mechanism requires replacing the specific damaged part. This can be challenging as disassembly is required.
* Binding or stiffness: Rust, dirt, or lack of lubrication can cause the tilt mechanism to bind.
Before you start:
* Safety First: Disconnect the negative battery cable before working on the steering column.
* Consult a repair manual: A Haynes or Chilton repair manual specific to a 1994 Chevy Cavalier will provide detailed diagrams, procedures, and torque specifications. This is crucial to avoid damage.
* Gather Tools: You'll likely need various tools including sockets, wrenches, screwdrivers (Phillips and flathead), possibly a puller for certain parts, and penetrating oil.
Troubleshooting and Repair Steps (General):
1. Identify the Problem: Determine if the steering wheel is completely loose, stiff, or only tilts partially. Listen for unusual noises (grinding, clicking) during attempts to adjust the tilt.
2. Inspect the Steering Column: Carefully examine the column where it connects to the steering wheel and the dashboard. Look for any obvious damage, loose bolts, or worn parts.
3. Lubrication (If Stiffness): If the tilt mechanism is stiff but still functional, try applying a penetrating oil (like PB Blaster) to the moving parts. Allow it to soak for a while before attempting to adjust the tilt.
4. Disassembly (If necessary): This is the most challenging part and requires careful attention to detail. The repair manual is vital here. You'll likely need to remove the steering wheel (requires a special tool), and then dismantle parts of the tilt mechanism. Take pictures as you disassemble to aid in reassembly.
5. Part Replacement: Once disassembled, you can identify any broken or severely worn parts. These parts will likely need to be ordered from a parts supplier (auto parts store or online).
6. Reassembly: Carefully reassemble the steering column, referring to your repair manual. Pay close attention to the order and position of each part. Ensure everything is properly lubricated.
7. Reconnect the Battery: Once the steering column is reassembled and tested, reconnect the negative battery cable.
Important Considerations:
* Airbag: If your Cavalier has an airbag, be extremely careful when working near the steering wheel and column. Improper handling can deploy the airbag, causing injury. Consult a repair manual for specific airbag safety procedures.
* Steering Wheel Alignment: After reassembly, you may need to have your steering wheel alignment checked to ensure proper handling.
* Professional Help: If you're not comfortable working on the steering column yourself, it's best to take your Cavalier to a qualified mechanic. Improper repair can lead to dangerous driving conditions.
This is a general guide. The specific steps will vary depending on the exact problem and your vehicle's configuration. Always refer to your repair manual for detailed instructions and safety precautions.
