Here's a general outline of the process. Specific steps and tools may vary slightly depending on your exact Lumina model (sedan, coupe, etc.). Always consult a repair manual specific to your year and model for detailed instructions and torque specifications.
Tools You'll Need:
* Jack and jack stands: Essential for safely lifting the car. Never work under a car supported only by a jack.
* Wheel chocks: To secure the other wheels.
* Lug wrench: To remove the wheel.
* Tie rod end separator/pickle fork: This tool is crucial for separating the tie rod end from the steering knuckle. A ball joint separator *might* work, but a tie rod separator is preferred.
* Wrench or socket set: To remove the cotter pin, castle nut, and tie rod end. You'll likely need metric sockets.
* New outer tie rod end: Make sure you get the correct part for your Lumina.
* Torque wrench: Absolutely necessary to tighten the castle nut to the correct specification. Incorrect torque can lead to premature wear or failure.
* Penetrating oil (like PB Blaster): To help loosen rusted or seized parts.
* Safety glasses and gloves: Protect yourself from injury.
Procedure:
1. Safety First: Park on a level surface, engage the parking brake, and chock the wheels. Jack up the vehicle and securely support it on jack stands.
2. Remove the Wheel: Remove the lug nuts and take off the wheel.
3. Locate the Outer Tie Rod End: It's the connection between the steering knuckle (part of the suspension that holds the wheel) and the inner tie rod.
4. Disconnect the Tie Rod End:
* Remove the cotter pin: This small pin secures the castle nut.
* Unscrew the castle nut: Use the appropriate wrench or socket. Penetrating oil may be necessary.
* Separate the tie rod end from the steering knuckle: This is where the tie rod end separator is crucial. Carefully insert the tool and gently pry the tie rod end away from the knuckle. This often requires significant force and can be challenging.
5. Install the New Tie Rod End:
* Attach the new tie rod end to the steering knuckle.
* Screw on the castle nut: Tighten it by hand first.
6. Lower the Vehicle: Carefully lower the vehicle to the ground. Do not let the vehicle rest on the jack at this point.
7. Toe Alignment: This is critical. After replacing a tie rod end, your car's toe alignment is likely off. Driving with misaligned wheels can cause uneven tire wear, poor handling, and potentially damage to other steering components. You'll need a wheel alignment done by a professional to correct this. Do not drive your car until it has a professional wheel alignment.
8. Torque the Castle Nut: Once the wheel is back on and the car is on the ground, use your torque wrench to tighten the castle nut to the manufacturer's specified torque. This information is usually found in your repair manual. After tightening, install the cotter pin.
Important Notes:
* Take pictures: Before you start disconnecting anything, take pictures of how everything is assembled. This will help you during reassembly.
* Mark the old tie rod end: If possible, make a mark on the old tie rod end and the steering knuckle to help you remember the approximate position. This will help the alignment shop.
* Professional Alignment: A wheel alignment is mandatory after replacing a tie rod end. Don't skip this step.
This is a simplified guide. Refer to a repair manual specific to your 1996 Chevy Lumina for detailed instructions, torque specifications, and diagrams. If you're unsure about any step, consult a qualified mechanic. Replacing a tie rod end incorrectly can be dangerous.
