1. Fuses:
* Check the fuse(s): Your owner's manual will show you the fuse box location and which fuse(s) control the wipers. A blown fuse is the most common and easiest fix. Visually inspect the fuses; if the wire inside is broken, replace it with a fuse of the same amperage.
2. Wiper Switch:
* Test the switch: Try all wiper speeds (if applicable). A faulty switch is a common culprit. Sometimes, wiggling the switch while trying to activate the wipers can help diagnose a loose connection within the switch itself. Replacement might be necessary.
3. Wiper Motor:
* Listen for a click: When you turn on the wipers, do you hear a click from the motor area (usually under the hood, near the base of the windshield)? A click suggests the motor is receiving power but might be seized or burned out. A lack of any sound indicates a problem earlier in the circuit.
* Access the motor: You might need to remove the wiper arms and cowl (plastic cover) to access the motor. You can try tapping it gently (with a rubber mallet) to see if it's just stuck. This is a risky attempt as you could damage it further, proceed with caution.
4. Wiper Linkage:
* Check for obstructions: Ensure nothing is blocking the wiper arm movement or jammed in the linkage. Leaves, ice, or debris can hinder their operation.
* Inspect the linkage: The linkage connects the motor to the wiper arms. Look for broken or worn parts. This is often difficult to access without removing the cowl and possibly the wiper arms.
5. Wiring and Connectors:
* Check connections: Examine the wiring harness and connectors leading to the wiper motor and switch. Corrosion, loose connections, or broken wires are potential problems.
* Continuity test: This requires a multimeter. You can test the continuity of the wires from the switch to the motor to identify a break in the circuit.
6. Park Position:
* Wiper Park: The wipers may be stuck in the park position (fully upright). This is unusual on a Sentra but worth checking. Some manual adjustment may be needed (refer to your owner's manual).
7. Relay:
* Wiper relay: Some models use a relay. Locate the relay (usually in the fuse box) and try swapping it with another relay of the same type (to test if it's faulty). Refer to your owner's manual to locate the correct relay.
If you're not comfortable working on your car's electrical system, it's best to take it to a qualified mechanic. Diagnosing electrical issues can be challenging without the proper tools and knowledge. The above steps are a guide, and the exact location of components might vary slightly depending on the specific Sentra model. Always consult your owner's manual for detailed diagrams and instructions.
