1. Diagnose the Problem:
* No Parking Brake Hold: This is the most common issue. The brake may not hold the truck on a slight incline, or it may not engage at all.
* Weak Parking Brake Hold: The truck holds, but only weakly. It might roll down a slight incline.
* Parking Brake Won't Release: This is less common but potentially more serious.
2. Common Causes & Solutions:
* Cable Adjustment: This is the most likely culprit for weak or ineffective parking brakes. The cables stretch over time.
* Locate the Cable Adjustment: Under the truck, near the rear axle, you'll find the parking brake cables. There's usually a star wheel adjuster or a turnbuckle mechanism on each cable.
* Adjust the Cables: Turn the adjuster clockwise to tighten the cables. Engage the parking brake fully, then attempt to release it. It should require a moderate amount of force. Adjust in small increments and frequently test the hold. Consult a repair manual for specific location and instructions.
* Warning: Over-tightening can damage the mechanism or make the parking brake difficult to release.
* Cable Damage or Breakage: Inspect the cables for any kinks, fraying, rust, or breaks. If you find damage, you'll need to replace the cables. This often requires removing the rear wheels and potentially other components.
* Parking Brake Shoes/Drums:
* Wear: Worn parking brake shoes are a major contributor to poor performance. The shoes may need replacement. This usually involves removing the rear drum brakes to inspect the shoes.
* Contamination: Oil or grease on the shoes will prevent effective braking. Clean the shoes with brake cleaner.
* Internal Mechanism (within the rear drum): The parking brake mechanism itself can fail due to rust, wear, or breakage. This usually requires a complete drum brake overhaul or replacement.
* Emergency Brake Lever/Handle:
* Loose Connection: If the handle feels loose or sloppy, it may simply need tightening or adjusting.
* Master Cylinder: While less likely for parking brake failure, a low fluid level in the master cylinder can affect the overall braking system, potentially impacting the parking brake effectiveness.
3. Tools & Materials:
* Repair manual (highly recommended – a Haynes or Chilton manual is a good option)
* Socket wrench set
* Wrenches
* Jack and jack stands
* Wheel chocks
* Brake cleaner
* New parking brake cables (if needed)
* New parking brake shoes (if needed)
* Safety glasses and gloves
4. Important Safety Precautions:
* Always work in a well-ventilated area. Brake cleaner is flammable and produces harmful fumes.
* Never work under a vehicle supported only by a jack. Use jack stands for safety.
* Use wheel chocks to prevent the vehicle from rolling.
* Engage the parking brake as a secondary safety measure, even when the vehicle is on jack stands.
5. When to Seek Professional Help:
If you're uncomfortable working on your brakes, or if you're unable to identify the problem after inspection, take your Ranger to a qualified mechanic. Brake systems are critical safety components. Improper repair can be dangerous.
Remember, this is general guidance. Consult a repair manual specific to your 1998 Ford Ranger for detailed instructions and diagrams. Incorrect adjustments or repairs can compromise your safety.
