Safety First:
* Support the vehicle securely: Use jack stands under the frame, *never* rely solely on a jack.
* Disconnect the battery: This prevents accidental shorts.
* Wear safety glasses and gloves.
* Have the correct tools: This is crucial.
Steps (General Outline):
1. Prepare the Vehicle:
* Drain the differential fluid.
* Disconnect the driveshaft. This usually involves removing the driveshaft yoke from the differential pinion yoke. You'll likely need a special tool (a U-joint removal tool) for this.
* Remove the wheels and tires.
* Disconnect brake lines and fuel lines (if applicable, depending on the axle configuration).
* Disconnect the parking brake cables.
2. Remove the Axle:
* Locate and remove the axle retaining nuts/bolts: These are typically found on the differential housing at the axle ends. These will be very tight, and you'll likely need a breaker bar and possibly an impact wrench.
* Remove the axle shafts: Once the nuts are removed, the axle shafts should be able to be slid out. However, they can be stubborn due to rust and corrosion. You may need to use penetrating oil and a hammer and punch to gently tap them out. Be careful not to damage the axle seals or the differential housing. Some Impalas may require removing the differential cover for easier axle removal.
* Remove the differential (Possibly): Depending on the specific configuration (e.g., whether you have a straight axle or independent rear suspension), you might need to remove the entire differential assembly to remove the axles. This step adds considerable complexity.
3. Reassembly: Reassembly is essentially the reverse of the removal process. Ensure everything is properly aligned, lubricated, and torqued to specification.
Tools You'll Likely Need:
* Jack and jack stands
* Wrench set (various sizes)
* Socket set (various sizes)
* Breaker bar
* Impact wrench (highly recommended)
* U-joint removal tool
* Penetrating oil (like PB Blaster)
* Hammer and punch
* Torque wrench
* Differential fluid
* Repair manual specific to your 1964 Chevy Impala
Important Considerations:
* Axle type: 1964 Impalas had different rear axle configurations depending on the model and options. Knowing whether you have a straight axle or an independent rear suspension is crucial.
* Rust and corrosion: Parts are likely to be seized due to age and rust. Use penetrating oil liberally and allow it time to work.
* Torque specifications: Failure to torque bolts and nuts to the correct specification can lead to catastrophic failure.
Recommendation:
This job is far beyond the scope of a simple explanation. You should strongly consider seeking the help of a qualified mechanic unless you have significant experience working on car suspensions and differentials. Attempting this without the proper knowledge and tools could result in damage to your car and personal injury. A detailed repair manual is absolutely essential.
