1. Fuel System:
* Empty Tank: The most obvious – check your fuel gauge!
* Fuel Pump: A faulty fuel pump might not be delivering fuel to the engine. You might hear a whirring sound from the fuel pump when you turn the key to the "on" position (but before cranking). If you don't hear it, that's a strong indicator. A mechanic can test the pump's pressure.
* Fuel Filter: A clogged fuel filter restricts fuel flow. This is relatively inexpensive to replace.
* Fuel Injectors: Clogged or failing injectors won't spray fuel into the cylinders. Diagnosing this usually requires specialized tools or a mechanic.
* Fuel Pressure Regulator: This regulates fuel pressure; a faulty one can cause low pressure or leaks.
2. Ignition System:
* Distributor (if applicable): Older S-10s might have distributors. Check the rotor and cap for cracks, corrosion, or wear. The ignition coil could also be failing.
* Ignition Coil: This component transforms low-voltage battery power into high-voltage sparks for the spark plugs. A faulty coil won't produce the necessary spark.
* Spark Plugs and Wires: Worn, fouled, or damaged spark plugs or wires prevent a good spark reaching the cylinders. Inspect them visually for damage; they might be black and sooty (too rich) or white and powdery (too lean).
* Crankshaft Position Sensor (CKP): This sensor tells the engine's computer where the crankshaft is, vital for timing the spark. A faulty sensor can prevent starting.
* Camshaft Position Sensor (CMP): Similar to the CKP sensor but for the camshaft.
3. Starting System (beyond just cranking):
* Battery Cables: Corroded or loose battery cables can prevent sufficient current from reaching the starter. Clean the terminals thoroughly.
* Battery: A weak or dying battery might crank the engine slowly, but not provide enough power for starting. Have the battery load tested.
* Starter: While you say it turns over, a weak starter might not be providing enough power to actually start the engine.
4. Other Possibilities:
* Security System: If your S-10 has an aftermarket or factory alarm system, it could be preventing the engine from starting.
* Computer Issues: Problems with the engine control module (ECM) are less common but possible. This usually requires diagnostic tools.
Troubleshooting Steps:
1. Check the obvious: Fuel level, battery terminals, and listen for the fuel pump.
2. Visual inspection: Check spark plugs, wires, distributor cap (if applicable), and battery cables for obvious damage.
3. Basic tests: A multimeter can check battery voltage and check for spark at the plugs. You can also try starting fluid (ether) – *use with extreme caution* as it's highly flammable. A small spray will help determine if the issue is fuel related, but it is not a permanent fix.
4. Professional help: If you're uncomfortable performing these checks or the problem persists, take it to a mechanic. They have diagnostic tools to pinpoint the problem much more accurately.
Remember safety first! Work in a well-ventilated area when dealing with fuel or starting fluid. Disconnect the negative battery cable before working on any electrical components.
