That being said, here's a general overview of the process for changing disc brakes (the most common type on modern cars). The process for drum brakes is significantly different and more complex. This is a simplified guide and specific steps may vary depending on your vehicle's make and model. Always consult your vehicle's repair manual for precise instructions.
I. Safety First!
* Parking Brake: Engage the parking brake firmly.
* Jack and Stands: Securely jack up the vehicle and place it on jack stands. Never work under a vehicle supported only by a jack.
* Wheel Chocks: Use wheel chocks on the wheels that are still on the ground.
* Gloves: Wear gloves to protect your hands from grease and dirt.
* Safety Glasses: Wear safety glasses to protect your eyes from flying debris.
II. Tools You'll Need:
* Jack and jack stands
* Wheel chocks
* Lug wrench
* Socket wrench set (metric and/or standard, depending on your vehicle)
* Wrenches (various sizes)
* C-clamp or caliper compression tool
* Brake caliper pliers (to compress the piston)
* Wire brush
* Brake cleaner
* New brake pads
* New rotors (if necessary; often sold as a pair)
* Possibly a torque wrench (highly recommended)
III. Steps to Change Disc Brakes:
1. Remove the Wheel: Loosen the lug nuts with the lug wrench before jacking up the car. Once the car is securely on jack stands, remove the lug nuts completely and take off the wheel.
2. Remove the Caliper:
* Locate the caliper bolts (usually two).
* Use the appropriate wrench to unscrew the bolts.
* Carefully remove the caliper. It may be attached to a bracket; some calipers hang freely, others are connected by a hose. Support the caliper with a wire or bungee cord to keep it from hanging by the brake line.
3. Compress the Caliper Piston: Use a C-clamp or caliper compression tool to push the piston back into the caliper. This creates space for the new, thicker brake pads. Turn the piston slowly and evenly to avoid damage.
4. Remove the Old Brake Pads: The old brake pads should now be easily removable.
5. Inspect the Rotors: Check the rotors for wear and scoring. If they're excessively worn or damaged, they need to be replaced.
6. Install the New Brake Pads: Carefully insert the new brake pads into their slots.
7. Reinstall the Caliper: Carefully mount the caliper back onto its bracket or mounting points and tighten the bolts to the manufacturer's specified torque.
8. Reinstall the Wheel: Mount the wheel and tighten the lug nuts in a star pattern (opposite nuts first, then the others).
9. Repeat for the other side: Repeat steps 2-8 for the other brake caliper on the same axle.
10. Lower the Vehicle: Carefully lower the vehicle from the jack stands.
11. Torque Lug Nuts: Use a torque wrench to tighten the lug nuts to the manufacturer's specified torque.
12. Test the Brakes: Gently pump the brake pedal several times to ensure the brakes are working correctly. *Do not drive the vehicle until you are certain the brakes are functional.* A test drive should be done cautiously and at low speeds.
IV. Important Considerations:
* Bleeding the Brakes: If you've worked on the brake lines, you'll likely need to bleed the brakes to remove air from the system. This requires a second person and is a more advanced procedure.
* Brake Fluid: Be cautious with brake fluid. It's corrosive and can damage paint.
* Rotor Thickness: Check your rotor thickness against the minimum thickness specified in your owner's manual. Replace if necessary.
* Professional Help: If you encounter any problems or are uncomfortable with any step, seek professional help from a qualified mechanic. Your safety is paramount.
This information is for general guidance only. Always refer to your vehicle's repair manual for detailed instructions specific to your make and model. Improper brake maintenance can be extremely dangerous. If in doubt, consult a professional.
