* Check the wiper switch: The switch itself could be faulty. Try wiggling it while someone tries the wipers. A bad connection inside could be intermittent. This is a relatively inexpensive part to replace.
* Inspect the wiring harness: Look for any broken, frayed, or corroded wires in the harness leading to the motor and switch. Pay close attention to where the harness bends and flexes, as these areas are prone to damage. A visual inspection might reveal a break.
* Test for power at the motor connector: With the ignition on and the wiper switch activated, use a multimeter to check for power at the motor connector. If there's no power, the problem is likely in the wiring between the switch and the motor. You'll need to trace the wiring back.
* Check the ground connection: A poor ground connection can prevent the wipers from working. Locate the ground wire for the wiper motor and clean both the wire and the grounding point. Make sure there's good metal-to-metal contact.
* Wiper relay (if applicable): Some vehicles use a relay for the wipers. Locate the relay (usually in a fuse box under the hood or dash) and try swapping it with a known good relay of the same type.
* Wiper switch stalk connector: The connector for the wiper switch stalk itself can get corroded or have a poor connection. Disconnect it, clean the terminals with contact cleaner, and reconnect it.
Important Considerations:
* Multi-meter: A multimeter is essential for accurately testing for power and continuity in the circuit.
* Wiring Diagram: A wiring diagram for your specific 2001 Ford Escape will be invaluable. You can often find these online through repair manuals or Ford forums.
* Professional Help: If you're not comfortable working with car electrical systems, it's best to take your Escape to a qualified mechanic. Incorrectly diagnosing or repairing electrical issues can lead to further damage.
By systematically checking these components, you should be able to isolate the cause of the wiper malfunction. Remember safety first – disconnect the battery negative terminal before working on any electrical components.
