Assuming Drum Brakes (Most Likely):
This is a more involved process than disc brakes. You'll need several tools:
* Wheel chocks: Essential for safety.
* Lug wrench: To remove the wheels.
* Jack and jack stands: Never work under a vehicle supported only by a jack.
* Hammer: For possibly freeing up stubborn parts.
* Socket set and wrenches: Various sizes, including those for the lug nuts, brake drum retaining bolts (if any), and caliper bolts (if applicable – some configurations might have a separate wheel cylinder).
* C-clamp or brake spring compressor: To compress the brake springs and to adjust the brake shoes.
* Screwdrivers: Phillips and flathead.
* Wire brush: To clean rust and debris.
* Brake cleaner: To thoroughly clean all parts.
* New brake shoes, wheel cylinders, and hardware: Always replace these parts as a set. Do not reuse old parts. Get the correct parts for your specific model and axle configuration.
* Grease: For lubrication of pins and other moving parts.
* Gloves: Protect your hands.
* Safety glasses: Protect your eyes.
Procedure (Drum Brakes - General Outline):
1. Safety First: Chock the front wheels, engage the parking brake, and jack up the rear of the truck securely on jack stands. Remove the wheel.
2. Inspect: Carefully examine the brake drum, shoes, wheel cylinder, and hardware for wear, damage, or leaks.
3. Remove the Brake Drum: Some drums are simply slid off, others require removal of retaining bolts or clips. Sometimes they may be rusted and stuck; you might need to gently tap it with a hammer while using a suitable puller if necessary.
4. Remove the Brake Shoes: This involves releasing the spring mechanisms that hold the shoes in place. A spring compressor tool is strongly recommended to make this much easier and safer. Take photos or draw a diagram before you begin removing components. This will help with reassembly.
5. Inspect and Replace Wheel Cylinder: Check the wheel cylinder for leaks. Replace if necessary, as they are rarely repairable. Bleed the brakes after this step is complete.
6. Clean Everything Thoroughly: Use a wire brush and brake cleaner to clean all parts of the brake assembly. Pay attention to the drum, shoes, and wheel cylinder.
7. Install New Shoes and Hardware: Carefully install the new brake shoes, springs, and hardware. Refer to a repair manual or online diagrams for the correct positioning.
8. Adjust the Brake Shoes: Using the adjusting mechanism (usually a star wheel), carefully adjust the brake shoes so that they are properly centered and the correct distance from the drum.
9. Install the Drum: Slide the drum back onto the axle.
10. Reinstall Wheel and Lower Vehicle: Torque the lug nuts to the manufacturer's specification. Lower the vehicle.
11. Bleed the Brakes: Very important! This removes any air that may have entered the brake lines during the repair.
If you have disc brakes: The procedure is significantly simpler and involves removing the caliper, replacing the pads, and possibly the caliper itself if damaged. The process will still involve jacking the vehicle, removing the wheel, etc.
Disclaimer: This is a general overview. You should consult a repair manual specific to your 1978 Ford F-250 before attempting this repair. Improperly repaired brakes can be extremely dangerous. If you are not comfortable performing this work yourself, take your truck to a qualified mechanic. This information is for informational purposes only and does not constitute professional automotive advice.
