Here's a general outline of the process:
1. Preparation:
* Safety First: Disconnect the negative battery terminal. Use jack stands to securely support the vehicle. Wear safety glasses and gloves.
* Gather Tools and Supplies: You'll need a jack, jack stands, wheel chocks, socket set (metric), various wrenches, axle nut socket (often large and specialized), a hammer, punch, pry bar, axle seal installer/remover tool (highly recommended), new axle seals (get the correct ones for your axle!), grease, brake cleaner, rags, and a torque wrench.
* Drain the Differential: Locate the differential drain plug and carefully drain the gear oil into a suitable container.
2. Removing the Axle:
* Remove the Wheel: Remove the wheel on the side you're working on.
* Remove the Brake Drum or Rotor: Depending on your brakes, remove the brake drum or rotor. You may need to use a brake drum puller.
* Disconnect the Brake Caliper: Carefully remove the brake caliper and support it to prevent damage to the brake line.
* Disconnect Driveshaft (if applicable): If it's a 4WD, you might need to disconnect the driveshaft at the differential.
* Remove the Axle Nut: This is usually very tight. Use a breaker bar and possibly an impact wrench. Mark the axle nut's orientation to ensure proper reinstallation.
* Remove the Axle Flange: Carefully separate the axle flange from the differential. This often requires some persuasion with a hammer and punch. Be careful not to damage the threads.
* Remove the Axle: Carefully slide the axle out of the differential.
3. Replacing the Axle Seal:
* Remove the Old Seal: Use the axle seal remover tool to carefully remove the old seal without damaging the differential housing. If you don't have the tool, you can carefully pry it out, but the risk of damage increases.
* Clean the Housing: Thoroughly clean the differential housing where the seal sits, removing all traces of old grease and sealant. Brake cleaner is useful for this.
* Install the New Seal: Use the axle seal installer tool to press the new seal into the housing. Make sure it's seated correctly and flush.
* Inspect the Axle Shaft: Inspect the axle shaft for damage. If it's scored or damaged, it needs to be replaced or repaired.
4. Reassembly:
* Install the Axle: Carefully slide the axle back into the differential housing.
* Install the Axle Flange: Align and install the axle flange, ensuring it's properly seated.
* Install and Torque the Axle Nut: Tighten the axle nut to the manufacturer's specified torque.
* Reconnect the Driveshaft (if applicable).
* Reconnect the Brake Caliper.
* Install the Brake Drum or Rotor.
* Install the Wheel.
* Refill the Differential: Refill the differential with the correct type and amount of gear oil.
5. Final Checks:
* Check for Leaks: Inspect for any leaks around the new seal.
* Torque Check: Double-check the axle nut torque.
* Road Test: Take the Suburban for a short test drive to check for any vibrations or noises.
Disclaimer: This is a general guide only. Incorrect installation can lead to serious damage to your vehicle. Consult a repair manual specific to your 2001 Chevy Suburban for detailed instructions, torque specifications, and safety precautions. If you are not comfortable performing this repair yourself, it is highly recommended that you take your vehicle to a qualified mechanic. Improper repair can lead to axle failure, which can result in loss of control and serious injury.
