1. Powertrain:
* Internal Combustion Engine (ICE): Hybrids still have an ICE, but it's typically smaller and less powerful than in a traditional car, as it only needs to supplement the electric motor.
* Electric Motor: The most significant difference is the inclusion of an electric motor. It provides additional power for acceleration and can even power the car entirely at low speeds.
* Battery Pack: Hybrids use a battery pack to store energy for the electric motor. This pack is usually located in the trunk or under the floor.
* Transmission: Hybrids often use a complex transmission system that manages the interplay between the ICE and electric motor, while also allowing for regenerative braking.
2. Body Structure:
* Weight Distribution: The addition of the battery pack changes the weight distribution of the car. Hybrids often have a higher center of gravity than traditional cars.
* Structural Reinforcement: The chassis and frame may be reinforced to accommodate the additional weight and stresses from the electric motor and battery pack.
3. Other Components:
* Hybrid Control Unit (HCU): This computer system manages the interaction between the ICE, electric motor, and battery pack.
* Regenerative Braking System: This system captures energy lost during braking and converts it into electricity to recharge the battery.
* Fuel Efficiency Features: Hybrids often incorporate features like start-stop technology, aerodynamic improvements, and lighter materials to maximize fuel efficiency.
Overall:
Hybrid car structures are designed to accommodate the complex powertrain, battery pack, and other unique features. They are generally heavier than traditional gasoline cars, but they also benefit from improved fuel economy and reduced emissions.
