Autobots:
* Optimus Prime: Peterbilt 379 semi-truck
* Bumblebee: 2010 Chevrolet Camaro
* Ironhide: 2007 GMC Topkick C4500
* Jazz: 2007 Chevrolet Corvette Z06
* Sideswipe: 2009 Chevrolet Corvette Stingray concept car
* Jolt: 2009 Chevrolet Volt concept car
* Skids: 2009 Chevrolet Beat concept car
* Mudflap: 2008 Chevrolet Beat concept car
* Arcee: 2008 Ducati 848 motorcycle (in the movie, she's technically not a car, but she does have a motorcycle form)
Decepticons:
* Megatron: Cybertronian jet (transforms into a Cybertronian weapon in the movie)
* Starscream: F-22 Raptor fighter jet
* The Fallen: Cybertronian weapon (transforms into a robotic tank-like vehicle in the movie)
* Soundwave: Mercedes-Benz E-Class Coupe
* Ravage: Black Audi R8
* Devastator: Combined form of six Decepticons, including:
* Scrapper: Caterpillar D9T bulldozer
* Mixmaster: Mack Granite cement mixer
* Long Haul: Peterbilt 389 dump truck
* Scavenger: Caterpillar 797B mining truck
* Bonecrusher: Bucyrus 4900-B mining shovel
* Hook: Komatsu D355A-5 crawler excavator
* The Constructicons: (See above)
* Frenzy: Black motorcycle
Other Vehicles:
* Wheelie: Remote controlled toy truck
This is not an exhaustive list, but it includes the most prominent vehicles used in the film. Remember that some vehicles might not have been directly named in the movie, but were identified in promotional materials or behind-the-scenes content.