* Engine bay clearance: Big-blocks are substantially larger and taller than the S10's stock engine. You'll likely need to significantly modify or replace the firewall, inner fenders, and possibly even the hood.
* Transmission: You'll need a transmission capable of handling the big-block's torque, and it will likely require custom mounts and possibly a driveshaft modification.
* Suspension: The extra weight of the big-block will put significant strain on the S10's suspension. Reinforcements or an upgraded suspension system are almost certainly necessary.
* Cooling: A larger radiator and potentially an upgraded cooling system will be needed to prevent overheating.
* Exhaust: Custom exhaust fabrication will be required.
In short, while it *can* be done, it's a major project requiring significant fabrication, welding, and mechanical expertise. It's not a project for a novice. Many people opt for smaller-block Chevy engines (like a 350) for S10 swaps due to the significantly reduced challenges.