1. Check the fuses: Your owner's manual will show you where the fuse box is located and which fuse(s) control the wipers. A blown fuse is a common and easy-to-fix problem.
2. Check the wiper switch: Make sure the switch itself isn't faulty. Try all the wiper settings (intermittent, low, high). A sticking or broken switch can prevent the wipers from working.
3. Inspect the wiper linkage: The linkage connects the motor to the wiper arms. Look for any broken parts, loose connections, or anything that might be preventing the arms from moving. Sometimes debris can jam the linkage.
4. Check the wiper motor connection: Make sure the electrical connector to the wiper motor is securely plugged in. Corrosion can prevent a good connection.
5. Test the wiper motor (if you're comfortable with this): This requires some electrical knowledge and potentially disconnecting the motor. You might be able to jump power to the motor directly (using caution and correct voltage) to see if it runs. If you're not comfortable working with car electrical systems, skip this step and seek professional help.
6. Look for electrical shorts: A short in the wiring harness could prevent the motor from receiving power. This is more complex to diagnose.
Only after checking all the above should you suspect the motor itself is the problem. Replacing the motor is a more involved repair, often requiring some mechanical skill.
In short: Don't assume it's the motor. Start with the simpler checks first. If you're not mechanically inclined, take it to a mechanic. It's much cheaper to diagnose a simple fuse problem than to replace a wiper motor unnecessarily.
