* Lead-based solder: This was the standard for many years due to its ease of use and good wetting properties. However, it contains lead, which is toxic, and its use is now heavily restricted or banned in many regions for consumer electronics and other applications. Lead-based solder might still be found in some older installations or specialized industrial applications where the toxicity is carefully managed. Common lead-based solder alloys include 60/40 (60% tin, 40% lead) and 63/37 (63% tin, 37% lead – eutectic, meaning it melts at a single, sharp temperature).
* Lead-free solder: Due to environmental concerns, lead-free solder has become the prevalent choice for most electrical work. These solders typically consist of tin and other metals such as silver, copper, and bismuth. They may have slightly different properties compared to lead-based solder, requiring adjustments in soldering techniques. Common lead-free solder alloys include Sn96.5/Ag3/Cu0.5 and Sn99.3/Cu0.7.
The choice between lead-free and lead-based solder depends on regulations, the specific application, and the risk tolerance regarding lead exposure. Always check local regulations and industry standards before choosing a solder. Proper ventilation is crucial when soldering, regardless of the type of solder used.
