On a 1986 Chevy S10 V6 pickup, the fuel filter is typically located
on the frame rail, near the fuel tank. It's often close to the rear axle, but its exact position can vary slightly depending on specific options and body style. You'll likely find it in a somewhat protected location, but it's generally accessible from underneath the truck.
To be absolutely sure, you should consult a repair manual specific to your 1986 Chevy S10 V6. A diagram will show the precise location. You can find these manuals online or at auto parts stores.