Common Causes:
* Bad Fuel Level Sender: This is the most frequent culprit. The fuel level sender is a float inside the fuel tank that moves with the fuel level and sends a signal to the gauge. It can fail due to age, corrosion, or debris interfering with its movement.
* Faulty Fuel Gauge: The gauge itself in the instrument cluster can malfunction. This is less common than a bad sender but possible.
* Wiring Issues: Broken, corroded, or loose wires between the fuel level sender, the instrument cluster, and the related control modules can disrupt the signal. This is often found near the connector at the fuel tank.
* Bad Ground Connection: A poor ground connection anywhere in the circuit can prevent the gauge from working correctly.
* Faulty Instrument Cluster: While less likely than a bad gauge, problems within the entire instrument cluster can impact multiple gauges, including the fuel gauge.
* Low Fuel: While seemingly obvious, a truly empty tank can sometimes lead to inaccurate readings or a completely unresponsive gauge, especially if the sender is nearing the end of its life.
Less Common Causes:
* Faulty PCM (Powertrain Control Module): In rare instances, a problem with the PCM can affect the fuel gauge reading.
* Incorrectly Installed Fuel Pump: A poorly installed fuel pump could interfere with the fuel sender's operation. (This is usually only relevant after fuel pump replacement.)
Troubleshooting Steps:
1. Check the Fuel Level: Make sure you're not simply on empty.
2. Check the Fuse: Locate the fuse for the instrument cluster in the fuse box (refer to your owner's manual) and ensure it's not blown.
3. Inspect Wiring: Visually inspect the wiring harness leading to the fuel tank, looking for any signs of damage or corrosion. Pay particular attention to the connector at the tank.
4. Test the Fuel Level Sender (most likely culprit): This typically requires either removing the fuel tank (difficult) or using a multimeter to test the resistance at the sender connector. You'll need a wiring diagram to identify the correct wires at the connector. Resistance values should change with the fuel level.
5. Test the Fuel Gauge: This is more complex and often requires accessing the instrument cluster.
If you're not comfortable with automotive electrical work, it's best to take your Camaro to a qualified mechanic for diagnosis and repair. Attempting to work on the fuel system without the proper knowledge and safety precautions can be dangerous.
