The performance difference depends heavily on the *specific trim levels* of each car. A base model Challenger will be significantly slower than a Camaro SS. A top-of-the-line Challenger SRT8 would be much closer to, and possibly faster than, the Camaro SS in some performance metrics.
To get a definitive answer, you need to specify the exact trim level (e.g., Challenger R/T, SE, SRT8; Camaro LS, LT, SS) of each car.