Can you use short shaft transmission in a Chevy truck turbo 2 wheel drive pickup place of long transmission?

No, you can't directly swap a short shaft transmission into a Chevy truck designed for a long shaft transmission without significant modifications. The difference in shaft length means the transmission won't physically connect to the transfer case (if applicable) or the driveshaft. The input shaft length is not the only incompatibility; the bellhousing bolt pattern and potentially other internal components may also be different, requiring more extensive modification or replacement. It's a major undertaking, far beyond a simple swap.