1. Identify the Symptoms: The first step is to clearly define the problem. What exactly is happening? Some common symptoms include:
* Difficult Steering: Steering feels very heavy, especially at low speeds or when maneuvering. This is the most common symptom.
* Whining Noise: A high-pitched whine, especially when turning the steering wheel, often indicates a problem with the power steering pump.
* Steering Wheel Shakes: Vibrations in the steering wheel can indicate a number of issues, including worn power steering components or alignment problems.
* Steering Wheel Stiffness: The steering feels stiff regardless of speed.
* Fluid Leaks: Look for leaks under the car near the power steering pump, hoses, or rack and pinion. Look for oily spots or stains on the ground, and trace them up to the source. Power steering fluid is typically reddish.
* Steering is Hard at Low Speeds, Fine at High Speeds: This often points to a low fluid level or a problem with the pump.
* No Power Steering at All: Complete loss of power steering assistance points to a more serious problem.
2. Check the Power Steering Fluid Level:
* Locate the power steering fluid reservoir (usually a translucent tank). Check the fluid level; it should be within the minimum and maximum marks.
* Low Fluid: If low, adding fluid is a temporary fix. You *must* find the leak before adding more fluid, otherwise you'll just keep losing it.
* Fluid Condition: Inspect the fluid's color and condition. It should be clean and reddish. Dark, brown, or milky fluid indicates contamination and likely requires flushing and replacing.
3. Listen for Noises:
* Start the engine and carefully listen for any whining, groaning, or squealing sounds coming from the power steering pump area. These sounds can indicate pump wear, belt slippage, or low fluid.
4. Test the Steering:
* Drive the car and pay close attention to how the steering feels at different speeds. Note any unusual resistance, noises, or vibrations. Does it feel equally difficult in both directions?
5. Check for Leaks:
* Carefully inspect all power steering hoses, the pump, the rack and pinion, and the pressure lines for any signs of leaks. Look for wet spots, drips, or stains.
6. Possible Problem Areas (requiring professional diagnosis and repair in most cases):
* Power Steering Pump: A faulty pump is a common cause of power steering problems. Symptoms can include whining, groaning, and difficult steering.
* Power Steering Hoses: Cracked, leaking, or deteriorated hoses can restrict fluid flow.
* Power Steering Rack and Pinion: Worn seals or internal damage in the rack and pinion can lead to leaks and difficult steering.
* Power Steering Fluid: Contaminated or low fluid is usually a symptom of a more significant problem but should be checked immediately.
* Belt Issues: A slipping or broken serpentine belt can prevent the power steering pump from functioning.
Important Considerations:
* Safety: If you suspect a serious power steering problem, avoid driving the car unnecessarily. Loss of power steering can make driving difficult and dangerous.
* Professional Help: Diagnosing and repairing power steering issues can be complex. If you're not comfortable performing these checks or the problem persists, take your Cobalt to a qualified mechanic for professional diagnosis and repair. They have specialized tools and knowledge to accurately pinpoint the cause.
This guide provides a starting point. Remember that accurately diagnosing a power steering problem requires careful observation and, in many cases, professional expertise. Don't attempt repairs beyond your skill level.
