Here's the proper procedure:
1. Diagnosis is Crucial:
* Find the leak: A professional mechanic will use a leak detection machine to identify the source of any refrigerant loss. Common leak points include seals, o-rings, and the condenser. Simply adding refrigerant without fixing a leak is wasteful and environmentally irresponsible.
* Check the compressor: Is the compressor clutch engaging? If not, the compressor may be faulty and needs repair or replacement.
* Inspect the condenser and evaporator: These components can become damaged and require replacement.
* Check the expansion valve or orifice tube: These regulate refrigerant flow. Problems here can significantly impact cooling.
2. Repair (if necessary):
* Any leaks must be repaired before recharging. This often involves replacing seals, o-rings, or even larger components.
* A faulty compressor, condenser, evaporator, or other components may need to be replaced.
3. Vacuum and Recharge (only after repair):
* Vacuum: A professional technician will connect a vacuum pump to the A/C system to evacuate all air and moisture. This is absolutely critical to prevent damage to the system.
* Recharge: Once the system is thoroughly vacuumed, the correct amount and type of refrigerant (check your owner's manual, it's likely R-134a but verify!) will be added using an A/C charging machine. This machine precisely measures the amount of refrigerant added. Improper refrigerant amounts can damage the system.
Why you should NOT attempt this yourself:
* Refrigerant Handling: Refrigerant is under high pressure and can cause serious injury if mishandled. It's also harmful to the environment.
* Specialized Tools: Properly evacuating, charging, and diagnosing an A/C system requires specialized tools and knowledge.
* Safety: Working with automotive A/C systems can be dangerous.
In short: Take your 2001 Ford Escape to a qualified mechanic specializing in automotive air conditioning. They will diagnose the problem, repair any leaks, and properly recharge the system. Trying to do it yourself is likely to be ineffective, expensive in the long run, and potentially dangerous.
