1. Preparation:
* Disconnect the battery: This prevents accidental shorts and electrical damage.
* Gather tools: You'll need a variety of sockets, wrenches (both metric and standard), screwdrivers (Phillips and flathead), pliers, a jack, jack stands, and potentially a fender removal tool (a plastic pry tool is recommended to avoid scratching the paint).
* Consult a repair manual: A Haynes or Chilton manual for your specific year and model is highly recommended. It will provide detailed instructions and diagrams, significantly simplifying the process.
* Park on a level surface: Ensure the car is securely parked on a level, stable surface.
2. Access and Disconnect:
* Raise the vehicle: Use a jack to safely lift the vehicle and securely support it with jack stands. Never work under a car supported only by a jack.
* Remove the wheel: Remove the wheel from the fender you're removing. This provides much better access.
* Disconnect components:
* Headlight: If the headlight assembly is attached to the fender, carefully disconnect the wiring harness and remove the headlight assembly.
* Turn signal/parking light: Disconnect any wiring harnesses connected to turn signals or parking lights within the fender.
* Wiper system: If applicable, disconnect any components of the wiper system that might be attached to the fender.
* Underhood components: There might be brackets or clips attached to the fender from the engine bay. Remove these carefully.
* Remove any plastic inner fender liners: These often need to come off first to access fasteners attaching the fender.
3. Removing the Fender:
* Locate fasteners: The fender will be attached with several bolts and possibly some clips. Carefully locate all of these. They're typically found along the top, bottom, and near the wheel well.
* Remove fasteners: Systematically remove the bolts and carefully pry off any clips. Be gentle to avoid breaking them. The plastic pry tool is helpful here.
* Detach the fender: Once all fasteners are removed, gently pull the fender away from the car body. It may be slightly stuck due to rust or paint. Work carefully to avoid damage.
4. Reassembly:
Reassembly is the reverse of the removal process. Make sure to reconnect all components properly and securely tighten all fasteners to the manufacturer's specifications (found in your repair manual).
Important Considerations:
* Rust and seized fasteners: On a 1981 car, rust is a possibility. Penetrating oil (like PB Blaster) applied several hours in advance can help loosen rusted bolts. If bolts break, you may need to drill them out.
* Hidden fasteners: There are often hidden fasteners under trim pieces or inside the wheel well. Look carefully before forcing anything.
* Paint damage: Take extra precautions to avoid scratching or damaging the paint on the car body during the removal and reinstallation process.
This is a complex task. If you're not comfortable working on cars, it's best to take your vehicle to a qualified mechanic. Attempting this without the proper knowledge and tools can lead to damage to your vehicle. Remember to always consult a repair manual specific to your vehicle.
