1. Carbon Dioxide (CO2): This is the most significant greenhouse gas released by cars. It is produced when fossil fuels, such as gasoline or diesel, are burned in the engine. CO2 contributes to global warming and climate change.
2. Nitrogen Oxides (NOx): NOx gases, including nitrogen monoxide (NO) and nitrogen dioxide (NO2), are formed during the combustion process at high temperatures. NOx can cause respiratory problems, contribute to smog, and participate in the formation of acid rain.
3. Carbon Monoxide (CO): CO is a colorless, odorless gas that is emitted when fuel does not burn completely. It is toxic to humans and can cause health issues such as headaches, dizziness, and even death in high concentrations.
4. Hydrocarbons (HC): Unburned or partially burned fuel results in the release of hydrocarbons. They contribute to smog formation and can have harmful effects on human health.
5. Particulate Matter (PM): These are small particles of solid or liquid matter suspended in the air. Diesel engines, in particular, emit significant amounts of PM, which can cause respiratory problems, aggravate asthma, and contribute to haze.
6. Sulfur Dioxide (SO2): SO2 is produced from the combustion of sulfur-containing fuels. It can contribute to respiratory illnesses and acid rain. Modern vehicles have emission control systems, such as catalytic converters and oxygen sensors, to reduce the emission of these pollutants. However, the type of fuel used, engine efficiency, and vehicle maintenance can also influence the quantity and composition of exhaust gases released.
