* Overhead wires: Many electric trains draw power from overhead wires through a pantograph, which is a device mounted on the top of the train that makes contact with the wires. The electricity is usually supplied by a power substation that converts high-voltage alternating current (AC) electricity to low-voltage direct current (DC) electricity, which is then sent to the train through the overhead wires.
* Third rail: Some electric trains draw power from a third rail, which is a metal rail that runs alongside the tracks and is electrified. The train makes contact with the third rail through a shoe or contact shoe that is mounted on the underside of the train. The electricity is usually supplied by a power substation that converts high-voltage AC electricity to low-voltage DC electricity, which is then sent to the train through the third rail.
* On-board batteries: some electric trains, such as those used in metros or trams, are powered by on-board batteries. These batteries are charged at stations or depots, and then provide power to the train while it is in operation.
* Diesel generators: some electric trains, particularly those used in remote or rural areas, are powered by diesel generators. Diesel fuel is used to power the generator, which then produces electricity that is used to power the train's electric motors.
