- Fuel cells: Fuel cells generate electricity through electrochemical reactions between hydrogen and oxygen. The hydrogen is passed through a catalyst, which splits it into protons and electrons. The electrons are then passed through an external circuit, generating electricity, and the protons react with oxygen to form water. Fuel cells produce DC electricity directly, without the need for an additional conversion stage.
- Solar cells: Solar cells, also known as photovoltaic (PV) cells, convert sunlight into electricity. When sunlight strikes the semiconductor material of a solar cell, it creates an electrical current. The current flows in one direction, producing DC electricity. Solar cells typically generate low-voltage DC electricity, which may require an inverter to convert it into AC electricity suitable for use in most electrical devices and power grids.
