1. Electric Generator: A generator is a device that converts mechanical energy, usually in the form of rotation, into electrical energy. When a conductor moves in a magnetic field, it experiences an electromotive force (EMF) and generates an electric current. In a generator, a spinning rotor (usually consisting of coils of wire) is rotated inside a stationary stator (also consisting of coils of wire), creating a relative motion between the conductor and the magnetic field. This generates an EMF in the stator coils, producing an alternating current (AC).
2. Wind Turbine: A wind turbine converts the kinetic energy of the wind into electrical energy. The wind causes the turbine blades to rotate, which is then connected to a generator. The generator converts the mechanical energy of the rotating blades into electrical energy.
3. Hydroelectric Power Plant: In a hydroelectric power plant, the energy of flowing or falling water is used to turn turbines. These turbines are connected to generators that convert the mechanical energy of the turbines into electrical energy.
4. Piezoelectric Devices: Piezoelectric materials are certain crystals or ceramics that generate an electric charge when subjected to mechanical stress or deformation. This property can be used in sensors, actuators, and energy harvesting devices. For instance, piezoelectric devices are used in some electronic devices to convert mechanical energy, such as vibrations or motion, into electrical signals.
5. Electromagnetic Induction: When a conductor moves in a magnetic field or when a magnetic field changes around a conductor, an EMF is induced in the conductor, generating an electric current. This principle of electromagnetic induction is the basis for many electrical devices, including generators, transformers, and inductors.
