The temperature sensor, also known as coolant temperature sensor (CTS) or the coolant sensor, is responsible for providing the engine control unit (ECU) with information about the temperature of the engine coolant. This information is used by the ECU to adjust the air/fuel mixture and ignition timing, among other things.
If the temperature sensor is faulty and provides incorrect information to the ECU, it can cause the engine to malfunction, including refusing to start.
Therefore, a faulty temperature sensor could prevent the car from starting.