1. Battery Voltage Measurement:
- The battery charger gauge monitors the battery's voltage.
- As the battery discharges, its voltage decreases, while charging increases the voltage.
2. Voltage Divider Circuit:
- A voltage divider circuit is used to reduce the battery's voltage to a lower, measurable level.
- This circuit consists of resistors that divide the voltage proportionally.
3. Analog-to-Digital Conversion (ADC):
- The voltage from the voltage divider circuit is fed into an analog-to-digital converter (ADC).
- The ADC converts the analog voltage signal into a digital representation.
4. Microcontroller:
- The digital voltage value from the ADC is then processed by a microcontroller or a dedicated IC.
- The microcontroller uses the voltage information to calculate the remaining battery capacity.
5. Battery Capacity Calculation:
- The microcontroller employs an algorithm to estimate the battery capacity based on its voltage.
- This algorithm takes into account the battery's characteristics, such as its nominal voltage, maximum capacity, and discharge curve.
6. Display:
- The calculated battery capacity is then displayed on an indicator, such as a series of LEDs, a graphical bar, or a numerical percentage value.
- This display provides the user with a visual representation of the remaining battery power.
7. Charging Status Indication:
- Some battery charger gauges also incorporate charging status indicators.
- They can indicate whether the battery is currently charging, fully charged, or in a low battery state.
Please note that the specific design and implementation of battery charger gauges may vary among different devices and manufacturers. Additionally, some devices may utilize more advanced techniques and algorithms to improve the accuracy and reliability of the battery capacity estimation.
