Electrical energy is energy associated with the movement of electric charges. It exists in many forms, such as the energy stored in a battery or the energy that flows through a wire.
Mechanical energy can be converted into electrical energy through a process called electromagnetic induction. This process involves using a conductor (such as a wire) to cut through a magnetic field. When this happens, the conductor experiences an electromotive force (EMF), which causes an electric current to flow through the conductor.
The amount of electrical energy that is produced depends on the strength of the magnetic field, the speed at which the conductor is moving, and the angle at which the conductor cuts through the magnetic field.
One common example of electromagnetic induction is the operation of a generator. A generator converts mechanical energy into electrical energy by spinning a rotor (which is a coil of wire) inside a stator (which is a stationary set of magnets). As the rotor spins, it cuts through the magnetic field created by the stator, and this induces an EMF in the rotor. The EMF causes an electric current to flow through the rotor, and this current is then sent out to power devices.
Another example of electromagnetic induction is the operation of a transformer. A transformer changes the voltage of an alternating current (AC) by using two coils of wire that are wound around a shared iron core. When the AC current flows through the primary coil, it creates a magnetic field in the iron core. This magnetic field then induces an EMF in the secondary coil, which causes an AC current to flow through the secondary coil. The voltage of the AC current in the secondary coil is proportional to the number of turns in the primary and secondary coils.
