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What did the steam engine replace?

The steam engine replaced human and animal power in a variety of industries and applications. Here's a breakdown:

* Industry:

* Waterwheels: In factories and mills, steam engines replaced waterwheels as a power source, making them less reliant on water availability and location.

* Manual Labor: Steam engines took over tasks that previously required large amounts of human labor, such as pumping water out of mines, grinding grain, and powering textile mills.

* Animal Power: For transportation, steam engines replaced horses and other draft animals, leading to the development of steam locomotives and steamboats.

* Transportation:

* Sailing Ships: Steamboats revolutionized water transportation, allowing for faster travel and the ability to navigate regardless of wind conditions.

* Horse-drawn Carriages: Steam locomotives replaced horse-drawn carriages on land, leading to the development of the railway system.

While the steam engine didn't directly replace specific machines, it fundamentally changed how power was generated and used, leading to a dramatic increase in productivity and efficiency across various industries.