1. Loss of Synchronization: The timing belt is responsible for coordinating the movement of the crankshaft (which rotates the pistons) and the camshaft (which controls the valves). When it breaks, the crankshaft and camshaft are no longer synchronized.
2. Valve Damage: This lack of synchronization means the valves might be open when the pistons are at the top of their stroke, resulting in a collision. This can bend or break the valves, which is expensive to repair.
3. Piston Damage: In some cases, the piston can also be damaged by colliding with the valves. This is less common but equally costly to fix.
4. Engine Damage: In the worst-case scenario, the broken timing belt can lead to severe damage to the engine, including:
* Bent or broken connecting rods
* Damaged cylinder walls
* Cracked or broken crankshaft
The extent of the damage depends on:
* Engine type: Interference engines are more susceptible to valve damage than non-interference engines.
* Speed of the engine at the time of the break: A higher speed means the valves will have more time to open and collide with the pistons.
* How quickly the engine is stopped: If the engine continues to run for a while after the belt breaks, it can cause significant damage.
What to do if your timing belt breaks:
* Stop the engine immediately.
* Do not attempt to start the engine again. Starting the engine with a broken timing belt can cause further damage.
* Have the engine inspected by a qualified mechanic. The mechanic will determine the extent of the damage and advise on the best course of action.
Preventing Timing Belt Failure:
* Follow the manufacturer's recommended timing belt replacement interval. This is typically every 60,000 to 100,000 miles.
* Inspect the timing belt for signs of wear and tear. Look for cracks, fraying, and loose teeth.
* Have the timing belt tensioner and water pump checked during each timing belt replacement. These components can also fail and cause the belt to break.
A broken timing belt is a costly repair, but regular maintenance and preventative measures can help you avoid this problem.
