1. Extraction: Crude oil is extracted from the earth through drilling.
2. Refining: The crude oil is then transported to refineries where it undergoes a complex process called fractional distillation. This separates the oil into various components based on their boiling points, resulting in different types of fuel and other products.
3. Fuel Production:
* Gasoline: The most common type of car fuel, gasoline is produced from the lighter fractions of crude oil.
* Diesel: A heavier fuel produced from the heavier fractions of crude oil.
* Biofuels: These fuels are derived from renewable sources like plants and are sometimes blended with gasoline or diesel to reduce reliance on fossil fuels.
Key Components of Gasoline:
* Hydrocarbons: These are compounds made up of hydrogen and carbon atoms. The specific types and amounts of hydrocarbons determine the fuel's octane rating, which affects engine performance and combustion.
* Additives: These are added to improve the fuel's performance, stability, and environmental impact. Common additives include:
* Anti-knock agents: To prevent engine knock and improve combustion efficiency.
* Detergents: To keep fuel injectors clean and prevent fuel system deposits.
* Antioxidants: To prevent fuel degradation and extend its shelf life.
In summary, car fuel is primarily a refined product of crude oil, a fossil fuel. It's a complex mixture of hydrocarbons and additives, designed to provide energy to power vehicles.
