* Driving conditions: City driving yields lower MPG than highway driving. Aggressive acceleration and heavy loads also reduce MPG.
* Vehicle maintenance: Proper tire inflation, regular tune-ups, and a well-maintained engine all impact fuel efficiency.
* Specific engine: While it's a 4-cylinder, there were variations in engine size and specifics within the 1998 model year.
* Individual vehicle condition: Wear and tear on components can affect performance and fuel economy.
However, you can find some estimations:
* EPA estimates from the time period would be a good starting point, but these are often optimistic compared to real-world driving. You would need to locate original EPA documentation specific to that model year and engine.
* Online forums and owner communities: Sites like forums dedicated to Chevy S10s often have threads where owners discuss their real-world fuel economy. Look for posts from people with similar vehicles and driving habits.
Expect a range, rather than a precise number. A reasonable guess for combined city/highway driving might be in the 18-25 MPG range, but it could be higher or lower depending on the factors listed above. To get a closer estimate, searching for owner reviews and forum discussions specific to the 1998 Chevy S10 4-cylinder 5-speed would be most helpful.