Assuming a distributor-equipped engine (most common for a 1987 Ram 350):
Adjusting the ignition timing requires a timing light and usually a helper. Here's a general procedure, but always consult your vehicle's repair manual for the specifics and torque specifications. Improper timing can damage your engine.
1. Safety First: Disconnect the negative battery terminal before starting any work.
2. Locate the Timing Mark: Find the timing marks on the harmonic balancer (the pulley at the front of the crankshaft) and the timing pointer on the engine. Your repair manual will show you exactly where these are.
3. Connect the Timing Light: Hook up the timing light according to the manufacturer's instructions. It clips onto the spark plug wire and connects to the battery.
4. Find the Idle Speed Specification: Your repair manual will tell you the correct idle speed (RPM) for your engine. Adjust the idle speed screw (usually on the throttle body) to achieve this speed.
5. Start the Engine: Start the engine and let it warm up to operating temperature (check your manual for the recommended temperature).
6. Shine the Timing Light: Shine the timing light onto the harmonic balancer. The timing mark will appear to freeze in place.
7. Check the Timing Mark Position: Note the position of the timing mark on the harmonic balancer in relation to the timing pointer.
8. Adjust the Distributor: The distributor is usually located on the top of the engine and is what advances and retards the timing. To adjust the timing, you will need to loosen the distributor hold-down clamp. Carefully rotate the distributor slightly, watching the timing mark through the timing light. Rotate it until the timing mark aligns with the specified timing degree mark (found in your repair manual). This is usually given at idle with the vacuum advance disconnected. After the adjustment, tighten the distributor hold-down clamp.
9. Reconnect the Vacuum Advance (if applicable): If the engine has a vacuum advance on the distributor, reconnect the vacuum line.
10. Check and Readjust if Necessary: Check the timing again and re-adjust if necessary.
11. Recheck Idle Speed: Ensure the idle speed is still correct.
12. Reconnect the Battery: Reconnect the negative battery terminal.
If you have an electronic ignition system without a distributor:
The procedure is significantly different and much more complex. You likely won't be able to adjust the timing yourself. This usually requires specialized equipment and knowledge and should be handled by a qualified mechanic. Attempting to adjust the timing without the correct tools and knowledge could severely damage your engine's computer system.
Crucially: This is a simplified overview. Always consult your 1987 Dodge Ram 350's repair manual for the correct specifications and procedure. The timing specifications (degrees BTDC - Before Top Dead Center) will be in the manual, and it will also likely have diagrams showing the location of the timing marks. Incorrect timing can lead to poor engine performance, reduced fuel economy, and even engine damage. If you're not comfortable working on your vehicle's engine, take it to a qualified mechanic.
