Simple Checks (often require someone to help):
* Listen for the hum: With the ignition key turned to the "ON" position (but not started), have someone listen near the fuel tank (often in the rear of the car) for a brief humming sound. This is the fuel pump priming the system. It should only last a few seconds. If you hear nothing, the pump may be faulty. *Note: this is not foolproof, a weak pump may still hum quietly but not deliver enough pressure.*
* Check fuel pressure: This requires a fuel pressure gauge, which you can usually buy or rent from an auto parts store. The gauge connects to a port on the fuel rail (location varies by car). The pressure should be within the specifications listed in your vehicle's repair manual.
More Involved Checks:
* Visual inspection (with safety precautions!): If you're comfortable working on your car, you can visually inspect the fuel pump relay and fuse to ensure they aren't blown. Always disconnect the negative battery terminal before working on electrical components.
* Diagnostic scan: A mechanic or an OBD-II scanner can read the car's computer for diagnostic trouble codes (DTCs). A DTC related to fuel pump operation or fuel system pressure would strongly indicate a problem.
* Professional diagnosis: A qualified mechanic can perform a thorough fuel system check, including pressure tests, pump current draw tests, and other diagnostic procedures to pinpoint the problem. This is often the most reliable method.
Important Note: If you suspect a problem with your fuel pump, it's best to avoid driving the car extensively, as this could lead to further damage or even leave you stranded.
The methods above provide varying levels of certainty. The "hum" test is the easiest, but the pressure test and professional diagnosis are the most conclusive.
