* Improper gasket installation: This is the most likely culprit. The gaskets might not be seated correctly, have been damaged during installation, or are the wrong type/size. Even a tiny misalignment can lead to leaks.
* Warped cylinder head or block: If the head or block is warped, even new gaskets won't seal properly. Warping can be caused by overheating before the repair.
* Cracked cylinder head or block: A crack in the head or block, even a small one, can allow coolant to leak into the combustion chamber. This is a more serious issue requiring more extensive repairs.
* Damaged head bolts/studs: Over-tightened or damaged head bolts/studs can prevent proper sealing. Incorrect torque during installation is a common problem. Similarly, using the wrong bolts or stripped threads can also cause this.
* Incorrect torque sequence: Head bolts/studs must be tightened in a specific sequence to ensure even clamping pressure. Incorrect sequence can result in a warped head or improperly sealed gasket.
* Faulty head gasket (despite being new): Though less common, it's possible to receive a defective gasket.
* Coolant passage blockage: A blockage in the coolant passages could cause excessive pressure, forcing coolant past a slightly imperfect seal.
* Incorrect type of gasket: Using a gasket not designed for your engine is a serious problem.
To diagnose the problem, you'll need to:
1. Inspect the exhaust for white smoke: The presence of steam (white smoke) indicates coolant is entering the combustion chamber. If it's just condensation, it should clear up quickly. Persistent white smoke points to a coolant leak.
2. Pressure test the cooling system: This helps identify external leaks or pressure buildup that might force coolant into the combustion chamber.
3. Inspect the head gasket: If possible, carefully remove a spark plug and visually inspect the cylinder head for signs of coolant. Look for signs of coolant residue, rust, or other discoloration. Note that this often requires some disassembly.
4. Perform a leak down test: This test can pinpoint exactly which cylinder is leaking compression. If a cylinder shows loss of pressure into the cooling system, it confirms a coolant leak into that cylinder.
5. Have the head and block checked for warping or cracks: This may require taking the head and/or block to a machine shop for inspection.
In short, a thorough inspection and testing are crucial to find the source of the steam. It's unlikely to be a simple fix; you may need to revisit the head gasket installation or address a more serious underlying problem.
