I. Relatively Simple Modifications (Bolt-ons):
* Cold Air Intake (CAI): Replaces the restrictive factory air intake system with one that allows for more efficient airflow into the engine. This is generally a cost-effective first modification.
* Performance Exhaust System: A cat-back exhaust (from the catalytic converter back) or even a full exhaust system (including headers and high-flow cats) will reduce back pressure and improve exhaust flow, freeing up horsepower. Note that some exhaust modifications may violate emissions regulations in your area.
* Tune (ECU Flash/Reflash): This is crucial after any significant intake or exhaust modifications. A tune adjusts the engine's computer (ECU) to optimize fuel delivery and ignition timing based on the new airflow and exhaust characteristics. A poorly done tune can damage your engine, so find a reputable tuner.
* Throttle Body Spacer: While debated in terms of effectiveness, some report slight gains with a quality throttle body spacer.
II. More Involved Modifications:
* Headers and High-Flow Catalytic Converters: These significantly reduce exhaust restriction but are more expensive and often require a tune. Headers can be challenging to install on some vehicles.
* Cam Shafts: Upgrading the camshafts alters the valve timing and lift, increasing horsepower and torque but often requiring other supporting modifications (springs, retainers, pushrods). This is more expensive and potentially more complicated.
* Supercharger or Turbocharger: These forced induction systems significantly boost horsepower. They are the most expensive option and will require a comprehensive tune and potentially other supporting modifications (intercooler, fuel system upgrades, etc.).
III. Engine Internal Upgrades (Most Expensive and Involve Disassembly):
* Pistons, Rods, Crankshaft: Replacing these internal components with forged parts allows for higher boost levels and RPMs, significantly increasing horsepower. This is a major undertaking requiring professional installation.
* Head Work (Porting and Polishing): Improving the airflow through the cylinder heads can increase power, but this is a specialized process.
Important Considerations:
* Warranty: Many modifications will void your factory warranty.
* Cost: The cost can vary greatly, from a few hundred dollars for a CAI and tune to thousands for forced induction or internal engine upgrades.
* Installation: Some modifications are DIY-friendly (CAI, exhaust), while others require professional installation (turbo/supercharger, internal engine work).
* Emissions Compliance: Some modifications may not be street legal in your area. Check your local regulations before making any changes.
* Reliability: Aggressive modifications can reduce engine reliability if not done correctly.
Before you start modifying your Mustang, research carefully and choose modifications that fit your budget, skill level, and goals. Consider talking to experienced Mustang enthusiasts or a reputable performance shop for advice tailored to your specific model year and needs. A well-planned approach will maximize your horsepower gains while minimizing the risk of problems.
