* Nuts and bolts/studs: This is the most common method for many applications, from cars to bicycles. Nuts tighten against a shoulder on the axle or a threaded shaft, clamping the wheel firmly in place.
* Keyways and keys: A keyway is a slot cut into both the axle and the wheel hub. A key (a wedge-shaped piece of metal) fits into these slots, preventing the wheel from rotating independently of the axle. This is often used in conjunction with nuts and bolts for added security.
* Splines: Similar to keyways but with multiple, interlocking teeth on both the axle and hub. This provides superior strength and prevents slippage.
* Press fit: The wheel hub is pressed onto the axle with a tight interference fit. This relies on friction to hold the wheel in place. This is often used for situations where disassembly is less frequent, but it requires significant force to remove.
* Welding: In some specialized applications, the wheel might be welded directly to the axle for a permanent, extremely strong connection.
The specific method used depends on factors such as the load the wheel needs to carry, the speed of rotation, the frequency of disassembly, and the overall design of the system.
