The PCM receives input from various sensors throughout the vehicle, such as:
* Engine sensors: These monitor things like engine speed, air intake, throttle position, oxygen levels in the exhaust, coolant temperature, and more.
* Transmission sensors: These monitor transmission fluid temperature, gear selection, and speed.
* Vehicle speed sensor: This provides information about the vehicle's speed.
* Other sensors: This can include things like steering wheel angle sensors, brake pressure sensors, and ambient air temperature sensors.
Based on this sensor data, the PCM adjusts various parameters to optimize performance, fuel efficiency, and emissions. This includes controlling:
* Fuel injection: The amount of fuel injected into the engine cylinders.
* Ignition timing: When the spark plugs fire.
* Air-fuel mixture: The ratio of air to fuel entering the engine.
* Transmission shifting: When and how the transmission shifts gears.
* Variable valve timing: Adjusting the timing of valve opening and closing.
* Other systems: Depending on the vehicle, it can also control components like the turbocharger, exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) system, and others.
The PCM uses sophisticated algorithms and control strategies to make these adjustments in real-time, ensuring smooth and efficient operation of the powertrain. It also monitors the health of various systems and can detect malfunctions, storing diagnostic trouble codes (DTCs) that can be read by a mechanic using a diagnostic scanner. This allows for troubleshooting and repairs.
