1. Identify the Problem:
* No headlights at all: This points to a more significant electrical problem.
* One headlight doesn't work: Indicates a problem with that specific headlight's circuit.
* Dim headlights: Suggests a weak bulb, poor connection, or a problem with the charging system.
* Headlights work intermittently: Could be a loose connection, a failing switch, or a wiring issue.
2. Troubleshooting Steps:
* Check the Bulbs: This is the simplest fix. Start by replacing the bulbs. 1973 Novas likely used sealed-beam headlights, so you'll need to replace the entire unit. Make sure you get the correct type (check your owner's manual or a parts store). While you're at it, inspect the sockets for corrosion or damage.
* Inspect the Fuses: Locate the fuse box (usually under the dash or in the engine compartment) and check the fuses related to the headlights. Replace any blown fuses.
* Check the Headlight Switch: The headlight switch itself can fail. Try wiggling the switch while someone tests the headlights. If the lights flicker, the switch is likely the culprit. Replacement is often necessary.
* Examine the Wiring: This is where it gets more involved. Look for:
* Loose connections: Carefully inspect all connections at the headlight switch, the fuse box, the headlight bulbs, and the wiring harness leading to the headlights. Tighten any loose terminals.
* Broken or frayed wires: Look for any damage to the wiring. Repair or replace any damaged sections.
* Corrosion: Clean any corroded connections with a wire brush and electrical contact cleaner.
* Test the Headlight Relay (if equipped): Some 1973 Novas might have a headlight relay. Locate it (if present) and test it using a multimeter or by swapping it with a known good relay.
* Battery and Charging System: Weak battery or alternator can cause dim headlights. Have your battery and charging system tested.
* Ground Connections: Poor ground connections can prevent the headlights from working properly. Check the ground wires at the headlights and battery. Clean and tighten them.
3. Tools You Might Need:
* Screwdrivers (Phillips and flathead)
* Socket wrench set
* Test light or multimeter
* Replacement headlight bulbs
* Wire strippers/crimpers
* Electrical tape
* Electrical contact cleaner
* Wire brush
4. Safety Precautions:
* Disconnect the battery's negative terminal before working on the electrical system to prevent accidental shocks.
* Work in a well-lit area.
* Be careful not to touch hot surfaces after the car has been running.
If you're not comfortable working with car electrical systems, it's best to take your Nova to a qualified mechanic. This troubleshooting guide is a starting point, and the exact steps may vary depending on your car's specific setup. Consulting a repair manual specific to your 1973 Chevy Nova is highly recommended. These manuals provide detailed diagrams and instructions.
