Here's a general procedure. Consult a repair manual specific to your 1977 Impala's engine for detailed diagrams and torque specifications:
Tools You'll Likely Need:
* Socket wrench set (metric)
* Extension(s) for your socket wrench
* Ratchet
* Torque wrench (recommended)
* Wire brush (to clean battery terminals and starter connections)
* Penetrating oil (like PB Blaster) – *apply liberally beforehand!*
* Jack and jack stands (for easier access) – *Safety First!*
Steps:
1. Disconnect the Battery: Disconnect the negative (-) battery cable first. This prevents accidental short circuits.
2. Access the Starter: The starter is usually located on the engine block, towards the bottom front of the engine. You'll likely need to work underneath the car. Using jack stands to support the car is crucial for safety. Consider removing some components for better access, such as the air cleaner or parts of the exhaust system, depending on your engine and its positioning.
3. Disconnect the Electrical Connections: There will be at least one large power cable connected to the starter solenoid. There may also be a smaller wire connected to the solenoid as well. Use your wrench to loosen the nuts securing these cables. Take photos before disconnecting anything to help you remember how to reconnect them.
4. Remove the Starter Bolts: The starter is held in place by usually two bolts. These bolts may be difficult to access, and penetrating oil is your friend here. Spray the bolts liberally and let it soak for a while before attempting to loosen them. Use the correct size socket and extension(s) to reach them. Sometimes, you'll need a wobble extension for more maneuverability. Carefully remove the bolts.
5. Remove the Starter: With the bolts removed, the starter should come loose. It might be a bit heavy, so be prepared to support it as you carefully remove it.
6. Clean the Starter Mounting Surface: Once the starter is out, clean the starter mounting surface on the engine block and the starter itself. Use a wire brush to remove any rust or corrosion.
7. Inspect the Starter (Optional): Before installing a new one, you can inspect the old starter for any obvious problems, such as damaged teeth on the bendix gear, burned wiring, or other visible damage.
8. Install the New Starter (If Necessary): Follow the removal steps in reverse to install a new starter. Make sure to tighten the bolts to the manufacturer's specified torque.
9. Reconnect Everything: Reconnect the electrical cables, ensuring a tight connection.
10. Reconnect the Battery: Reconnect the negative (-) battery cable.
11. Test: Start the engine to ensure the new starter is working correctly.
Important Considerations:
* Big Block vs. Small Block: The exact location and accessibility of the starter will differ between a small block (e.g., 305, 350) and a big block (e.g., 400, 454) engine. A repair manual specific to your engine is highly recommended.
* Safety First: Always support your vehicle securely with jack stands before working underneath it. Never work under a vehicle supported only by a jack.
* Penetrating Oil: Use penetrating oil liberally and allow sufficient time for it to work its way into the threads of the bolts.
* Repair Manual: A shop manual or online resources specific to your 1977 Chevy Impala's engine will provide detailed diagrams and instructions, which are crucial for success and safety.
This is a general guide, and variations may exist. Referencing a repair manual appropriate for your specific vehicle is crucial for a safe and successful repair. If you are unsure about any part of this process, it's best to seek professional help from a qualified mechanic.
