The bolts are arranged so that *adjacent* bolts are of differing lengths. A long bolt will be next to a short bolt, and vice versa, across the entire head. This is crucial for proper head gasket sealing and clamping pressure. You cannot simply use all long or all short bolts; the pattern *must* be followed. A mismatched or incorrect sequence will lead to improper clamping and potential head gasket failure.
Therefore, there's no single answer to "where" the long and short bolts are; you must consult a diagram or torque sequence specific to your particular big block Chevy head (e.g., a 396, 427, 454, etc. even within those engine families, there may be variations). These diagrams typically show the bolt locations and their correct lengths. Incorrect installation will cause significant engine problems.