* Design: Naturally aspirated, turbocharged, supercharged. Forced induction (turbo/supercharger) dramatically increases horsepower.
* Technology: Advanced fuel injection, variable valve timing, and other technologies all affect power output.
* Tuning: How the engine is tuned (computer programming, etc.) significantly affects horsepower.
* RPM: Horsepower is measured at a specific engine speed (RPM). The same engine will produce different horsepower at different RPMs.
A 16.4-liter engine could produce anywhere from several hundred to over a thousand horsepower depending on these factors. Think of it like this: a small, highly tuned engine might have more horsepower than a larger, less-efficient one.