1. Fuel System:
* Fuel Pump: Listen carefully near the fuel tank while cranking. You should hear a whirring sound indicating the pump is running. If not, the pump may be faulty, have a blown fuse/relay, or have a wiring problem. Check the fuel pump relay and fuse.
* Fuel Pressure: This requires a fuel pressure gauge. You need to check the pressure at the fuel rail to ensure the pump is delivering adequate fuel pressure. The specification should be in your repair manual. Low pressure points to pump, filter, or regulator issues.
* Fuel Filter: A clogged fuel filter restricts fuel flow. It's a relatively inexpensive and easy part to replace.
* Fuel Injectors: While less common, clogged or faulty injectors can prevent fuel from reaching the cylinders. This usually requires specialized tools and knowledge to diagnose. You might hear a clicking noise from the injectors if they're not working.
2. Ignition System:
* Spark: The most crucial element. You need a spark tester or an inline spark checker to verify if spark is reaching the spark plugs. Weak spark can be caused by a faulty ignition coil, distributor cap, rotor, spark plug wires, or even the spark plugs themselves.
* Ignition Coil: A malfunctioning coil won't provide enough voltage for a strong spark.
* Distributor Cap and Rotor: These wear out over time and can crack or become corroded, interrupting the spark delivery.
* Spark Plugs: Worn, fouled, or improperly gapped spark plugs are a frequent cause of no-start issues. Inspect them for wear, fouling, and proper gap.
* Ignition Module (if applicable): Some 2.3L engines have a separate ignition module; check its condition and wiring.
* Crankshaft Position Sensor (CKP Sensor): This sensor tells the computer the position of the crankshaft. A faulty CKP sensor will prevent the engine from receiving the signal to ignite.
3. Air Intake System:
* Air Filter: A severely clogged air filter restricts airflow, starving the engine of oxygen.
* Vacuum Leaks: Check all vacuum hoses and connections for cracks, holes, or loose fittings. A significant leak can prevent the engine from running properly.
4. Computer/Sensors:
* Mass Airflow Sensor (MAF Sensor): A faulty MAF sensor can provide incorrect air/fuel readings to the computer, leading to a no-start condition.
* Engine Control Module (ECM): While less likely, a failing ECM can cause various starting problems. Diagnosis is usually done with a scan tool.
5. Other Potential Issues:
* Battery: Make sure your battery has sufficient charge. A weak battery may crank slowly, leading to a no-start condition. Check the battery voltage with a multimeter.
* Starter Motor: While you say it cranks, a weak or failing starter motor *might* still crank slowly and not provide enough power.
* Security System (if equipped): Some vehicles have anti-theft systems that can prevent starting if a problem is detected.
Troubleshooting Steps:
1. Start with the easiest checks: Battery voltage, fuel pump operation (listen for it), and a visual inspection of the air filter, spark plugs, distributor cap, and rotor.
2. Then move to more involved checks: Spark testing, fuel pressure testing.
3. Use a repair manual: A Haynes or Chilton manual for your specific vehicle year and engine will provide detailed diagrams, specifications, and troubleshooting steps.
If you are not comfortable working on your vehicle yourself, it's best to take it to a qualified mechanic for diagnosis and repair. Improperly diagnosing and attempting repairs can lead to further damage.
