* Low power steering fluid: This is the most common cause. Check your fluid level and add fluid if needed (use the correct type specified in your owner's manual). A low fluid level can cause the pump to work harder and whine.
* Leaking power steering fluid: A leak means the system isn't properly pressurized, forcing the pump to work harder and leading to whining. Inspect hoses and seals for leaks.
* Worn pump bearings or seals: Internal wear within the pump itself can cause whining. This is more serious and may eventually require replacement.
* Worn power steering belt: A slipping or worn belt can affect the pump's operation and lead to noise. Inspect the belt for cracks or wear.
* Contaminated fluid: Dirty or old power steering fluid can cause internal pump wear. A flush and fluid change might resolve the issue.
Before replacing the pump:
1. Check the fluid level and condition: This is the first and easiest step.
2. Inspect for leaks: Look carefully at all hoses, connections, and the pump itself.
3. Check the power steering belt: Ensure it's properly tensioned and in good condition.
If you've checked all these and the whining persists, then a failing power steering pump is a strong possibility and professional diagnosis and possibly replacement may be needed. Continuing to drive with a severely failing pump could cause further damage to the system.
